Genetic epidemiology of asthma.
نویسنده
چکیده
Asthma is an increasingly common disease in the developed world (1-3). In the United States, the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976-1980) estimates of asthma prevalence (4) were 6.9 percent for whites and 9.2 percent for blacks. Most current definitions of asthma (5) characterize it as a (rapidly or slowly) reversible narrowing of the conducting airways of the lungs, usually associated with evidence of airway wall inflammation and eosinophilia (6, 7). Acute and delayed bronchoconstriction can be precipitated by inhalation by the asthmatic individual of a number of agents, such as ozone, cold dry air, proteins (mainly enzymes), or low molecular weight chemicals, and presents clinically as development (and resolution) of dyspnea, wheezing, and cough. Asthma is clinically heterogenous, but the bulk of cases tend to be characterized by childhood onset, markers of allergic hypersensitiveness such as wheezing and bronchoconstriction following inhalation of antigen (allergen), and elevated levels of total serum immunoglobulin E. There may be remission of symptoms for up to 20 years after childhood, so that earlier mild episodes may be forgotten by the individual, though not by the parent (8, 9). Most genetic studies have concentrated on this type of asthma (i.e., allergic or extrinsic asthma). However, a few studies have attempted to determine if different genes might be acting in the 20 percent of asthmatics who do not exhibit any signs of allergy (i.e., nonallergic or intrinsic asthma).
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Epidemiologic reviews
دوره 19 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1997